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ortools-clone/ortools/bop/bop_portfolio.cc
Corentin Le Molgat c7120439d4 Bump license date
2022-06-17 14:23:23 +02:00

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// Copyright 2010-2022 Google LLC
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
#include "ortools/bop/bop_portfolio.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdint>
#include <limits>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include "absl/memory/memory.h"
#include "absl/strings/str_format.h"
#include "ortools/base/stl_util.h"
#include "ortools/base/strong_vector.h"
#include "ortools/bop/bop_fs.h"
#include "ortools/bop/bop_lns.h"
#include "ortools/bop/bop_ls.h"
#include "ortools/bop/bop_util.h"
#include "ortools/bop/complete_optimizer.h"
#include "ortools/sat/boolean_problem.h"
#include "ortools/sat/boolean_problem.pb.h"
#include "ortools/sat/symmetry.h"
namespace operations_research {
namespace bop {
using ::operations_research::sat::LinearBooleanProblem;
using ::operations_research::sat::LinearObjective;
namespace {
void BuildObjectiveTerms(const LinearBooleanProblem& problem,
BopConstraintTerms* objective_terms) {
CHECK(objective_terms != nullptr);
if (!objective_terms->empty()) return;
const LinearObjective& objective = problem.objective();
const size_t num_objective_terms = objective.literals_size();
CHECK_EQ(num_objective_terms, objective.coefficients_size());
for (int i = 0; i < num_objective_terms; ++i) {
CHECK_GT(objective.literals(i), 0);
CHECK_NE(objective.coefficients(i), 0);
const VariableIndex var_id(objective.literals(i) - 1);
const int64_t weight = objective.coefficients(i);
objective_terms->push_back(BopConstraintTerm(var_id, weight));
}
}
} // anonymous namespace
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// PortfolioOptimizer
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PortfolioOptimizer::PortfolioOptimizer(
const ProblemState& problem_state, const BopParameters& parameters,
const BopSolverOptimizerSet& optimizer_set, const std::string& name)
: BopOptimizerBase(name),
random_(parameters.random_seed()),
state_update_stamp_(ProblemState::kInitialStampValue),
objective_terms_(),
selector_(),
optimizers_(),
sat_propagator_(),
parameters_(parameters),
lower_bound_(-glop::kInfinity),
upper_bound_(glop::kInfinity),
number_of_consecutive_failing_optimizers_(0) {
CreateOptimizers(problem_state.original_problem(), parameters, optimizer_set);
}
PortfolioOptimizer::~PortfolioOptimizer() {
if (parameters_.log_search_progress() || VLOG_IS_ON(1)) {
std::string stats_string;
for (OptimizerIndex i(0); i < optimizers_.size(); ++i) {
if (selector_->NumCallsForOptimizer(i) > 0) {
stats_string += selector_->PrintStats(i);
}
}
if (!stats_string.empty()) {
LOG(INFO) << "Stats. #new_solutions/#calls by optimizer:\n" +
stats_string;
}
}
// Note that unique pointers are not used due to unsupported emplace_back
// in ITIVectors.
gtl::STLDeleteElements(&optimizers_);
}
BopOptimizerBase::Status PortfolioOptimizer::SynchronizeIfNeeded(
const ProblemState& problem_state) {
if (state_update_stamp_ == problem_state.update_stamp()) {
return BopOptimizerBase::CONTINUE;
}
state_update_stamp_ = problem_state.update_stamp();
// Load any new information into the sat_propagator_.
const bool first_time = (sat_propagator_.NumVariables() == 0);
const BopOptimizerBase::Status status =
LoadStateProblemToSatSolver(problem_state, &sat_propagator_);
if (status != BopOptimizerBase::CONTINUE) return status;
if (first_time) {
// We configure the sat_propagator_ to use the objective as an assignment
// preference
UseObjectiveForSatAssignmentPreference(problem_state.original_problem(),
&sat_propagator_);
}
lower_bound_ = problem_state.GetScaledLowerBound();
upper_bound_ = problem_state.solution().IsFeasible()
? problem_state.solution().GetScaledCost()
: glop::kInfinity;
return BopOptimizerBase::CONTINUE;
}
BopOptimizerBase::Status PortfolioOptimizer::Optimize(
const BopParameters& parameters, const ProblemState& problem_state,
LearnedInfo* learned_info, TimeLimit* time_limit) {
CHECK(learned_info != nullptr);
CHECK(time_limit != nullptr);
learned_info->Clear();
const BopOptimizerBase::Status sync_status =
SynchronizeIfNeeded(problem_state);
if (sync_status != BopOptimizerBase::CONTINUE) {
return sync_status;
}
for (OptimizerIndex i(0); i < optimizers_.size(); ++i) {
selector_->SetOptimizerRunnability(
i, optimizers_[i]->ShouldBeRun(problem_state));
}
const int64_t init_cost = problem_state.solution().IsFeasible()
? problem_state.solution().GetCost()
: std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max();
const double init_deterministic_time =
time_limit->GetElapsedDeterministicTime();
const OptimizerIndex selected_optimizer_id = selector_->SelectOptimizer();
if (selected_optimizer_id == kInvalidOptimizerIndex) {
LOG(INFO) << "All the optimizers are done.";
return BopOptimizerBase::ABORT;
}
BopOptimizerBase* const selected_optimizer =
optimizers_[selected_optimizer_id];
if (parameters.log_search_progress() || VLOG_IS_ON(1)) {
LOG(INFO) << " " << lower_bound_ << " .. " << upper_bound_ << " "
<< name() << " - " << selected_optimizer->name()
<< ". Time limit: " << time_limit->GetTimeLeft() << " -- "
<< time_limit->GetDeterministicTimeLeft();
}
const BopOptimizerBase::Status optimization_status =
selected_optimizer->Optimize(parameters, problem_state, learned_info,
time_limit);
// ABORT means that this optimizer can't be run until we found a new solution.
if (optimization_status == BopOptimizerBase::ABORT) {
selector_->TemporarilyMarkOptimizerAsUnselectable(selected_optimizer_id);
}
// The gain is defined as 1 for the first solution.
// TODO(user): Is 1 the right value? It might be better to use a percentage
// of the gap, or use the same gain as for the second solution.
const int64_t gain =
optimization_status == BopOptimizerBase::SOLUTION_FOUND
? (init_cost == std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max()
? 1
: init_cost - learned_info->solution.GetCost())
: 0;
const double spent_deterministic_time =
time_limit->GetElapsedDeterministicTime() - init_deterministic_time;
selector_->UpdateScore(gain, spent_deterministic_time);
if (optimization_status == BopOptimizerBase::INFEASIBLE ||
optimization_status == BopOptimizerBase::OPTIMAL_SOLUTION_FOUND) {
return optimization_status;
}
// Stop the portfolio optimizer after too many unsuccessful calls.
if (parameters.has_max_number_of_consecutive_failing_optimizer_calls() &&
problem_state.solution().IsFeasible()) {
number_of_consecutive_failing_optimizers_ =
optimization_status == BopOptimizerBase::SOLUTION_FOUND
? 0
: number_of_consecutive_failing_optimizers_ + 1;
if (number_of_consecutive_failing_optimizers_ >
parameters.max_number_of_consecutive_failing_optimizer_calls()) {
return BopOptimizerBase::ABORT;
}
}
// TODO(user): don't penalize the SatCoreBasedOptimizer or the
// LinearRelaxation when they improve the lower bound.
// TODO(user): Do we want to re-order the optimizers in the selector when
// the status is BopOptimizerBase::INFORMATION_FOUND?
return BopOptimizerBase::CONTINUE;
}
void PortfolioOptimizer::AddOptimizer(
const LinearBooleanProblem& problem, const BopParameters& parameters,
const BopOptimizerMethod& optimizer_method) {
switch (optimizer_method.type()) {
case BopOptimizerMethod::SAT_CORE_BASED:
optimizers_.push_back(new SatCoreBasedOptimizer("SatCoreBasedOptimizer"));
break;
case BopOptimizerMethod::SAT_LINEAR_SEARCH:
optimizers_.push_back(new GuidedSatFirstSolutionGenerator(
"SatOptimizer", GuidedSatFirstSolutionGenerator::Policy::kNotGuided));
break;
case BopOptimizerMethod::LINEAR_RELAXATION:
optimizers_.push_back(
new LinearRelaxation(parameters, "LinearRelaxation"));
break;
case BopOptimizerMethod::LOCAL_SEARCH: {
for (int i = 1; i <= parameters.max_num_decisions_in_ls(); ++i) {
optimizers_.push_back(new LocalSearchOptimizer(
absl::StrFormat("LS_%d", i), i, random_, &sat_propagator_));
}
} break;
case BopOptimizerMethod::RANDOM_FIRST_SOLUTION:
optimizers_.push_back(new BopRandomFirstSolutionGenerator(
"SATRandomFirstSolution", parameters, &sat_propagator_, random_));
break;
case BopOptimizerMethod::RANDOM_VARIABLE_LNS:
BuildObjectiveTerms(problem, &objective_terms_);
optimizers_.push_back(new BopAdaptiveLNSOptimizer(
"RandomVariableLns",
/*use_lp_to_guide_sat=*/false,
new ObjectiveBasedNeighborhood(&objective_terms_, random_),
&sat_propagator_));
break;
case BopOptimizerMethod::RANDOM_VARIABLE_LNS_GUIDED_BY_LP:
BuildObjectiveTerms(problem, &objective_terms_);
optimizers_.push_back(new BopAdaptiveLNSOptimizer(
"RandomVariableLnsWithLp",
/*use_lp_to_guide_sat=*/true,
new ObjectiveBasedNeighborhood(&objective_terms_, random_),
&sat_propagator_));
break;
case BopOptimizerMethod::RANDOM_CONSTRAINT_LNS:
BuildObjectiveTerms(problem, &objective_terms_);
optimizers_.push_back(new BopAdaptiveLNSOptimizer(
"RandomConstraintLns",
/*use_lp_to_guide_sat=*/false,
new ConstraintBasedNeighborhood(&objective_terms_, random_),
&sat_propagator_));
break;
case BopOptimizerMethod::RANDOM_CONSTRAINT_LNS_GUIDED_BY_LP:
BuildObjectiveTerms(problem, &objective_terms_);
optimizers_.push_back(new BopAdaptiveLNSOptimizer(
"RandomConstraintLnsWithLp",
/*use_lp_to_guide_sat=*/true,
new ConstraintBasedNeighborhood(&objective_terms_, random_),
&sat_propagator_));
break;
case BopOptimizerMethod::RELATION_GRAPH_LNS:
BuildObjectiveTerms(problem, &objective_terms_);
optimizers_.push_back(new BopAdaptiveLNSOptimizer(
"RelationGraphLns",
/*use_lp_to_guide_sat=*/false,
new RelationGraphBasedNeighborhood(problem, random_),
&sat_propagator_));
break;
case BopOptimizerMethod::RELATION_GRAPH_LNS_GUIDED_BY_LP:
BuildObjectiveTerms(problem, &objective_terms_);
optimizers_.push_back(new BopAdaptiveLNSOptimizer(
"RelationGraphLnsWithLp",
/*use_lp_to_guide_sat=*/true,
new RelationGraphBasedNeighborhood(problem, random_),
&sat_propagator_));
break;
case BopOptimizerMethod::COMPLETE_LNS:
BuildObjectiveTerms(problem, &objective_terms_);
optimizers_.push_back(
new BopCompleteLNSOptimizer("LNS", objective_terms_));
break;
case BopOptimizerMethod::USER_GUIDED_FIRST_SOLUTION:
optimizers_.push_back(new GuidedSatFirstSolutionGenerator(
"SATUserGuidedFirstSolution",
GuidedSatFirstSolutionGenerator::Policy::kUserGuided));
break;
case BopOptimizerMethod::LP_FIRST_SOLUTION:
optimizers_.push_back(new GuidedSatFirstSolutionGenerator(
"SATLPFirstSolution",
GuidedSatFirstSolutionGenerator::Policy::kLpGuided));
break;
case BopOptimizerMethod::OBJECTIVE_FIRST_SOLUTION:
optimizers_.push_back(new GuidedSatFirstSolutionGenerator(
"SATObjectiveFirstSolution",
GuidedSatFirstSolutionGenerator::Policy::kObjectiveGuided));
break;
default:
LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown optimizer type.";
}
}
void PortfolioOptimizer::CreateOptimizers(
const LinearBooleanProblem& problem, const BopParameters& parameters,
const BopSolverOptimizerSet& optimizer_set) {
if (parameters.use_symmetry()) {
VLOG(1) << "Finding symmetries of the problem.";
std::vector<std::unique_ptr<SparsePermutation>> generators;
sat::FindLinearBooleanProblemSymmetries(problem, &generators);
std::unique_ptr<sat::SymmetryPropagator> propagator(
new sat::SymmetryPropagator);
for (int i = 0; i < generators.size(); ++i) {
propagator->AddSymmetry(std::move(generators[i]));
}
sat_propagator_.AddPropagator(propagator.get());
sat_propagator_.TakePropagatorOwnership(std::move(propagator));
}
const int max_num_optimizers =
optimizer_set.methods_size() + parameters.max_num_decisions_in_ls() - 1;
optimizers_.reserve(max_num_optimizers);
for (const BopOptimizerMethod& optimizer_method : optimizer_set.methods()) {
const OptimizerIndex old_size(optimizers_.size());
AddOptimizer(problem, parameters, optimizer_method);
}
selector_ = std::make_unique<OptimizerSelector>(optimizers_);
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// OptimizerSelector
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OptimizerSelector::OptimizerSelector(
const absl::StrongVector<OptimizerIndex, BopOptimizerBase*>& optimizers)
: run_infos_(), selected_index_(optimizers.size()) {
for (OptimizerIndex i(0); i < optimizers.size(); ++i) {
info_positions_.push_back(run_infos_.size());
run_infos_.push_back(RunInfo(i, optimizers[i]->name()));
}
}
OptimizerIndex OptimizerSelector::SelectOptimizer() {
CHECK_GE(selected_index_, 0);
do {
++selected_index_;
} while (selected_index_ < run_infos_.size() &&
!run_infos_[selected_index_].RunnableAndSelectable());
if (selected_index_ >= run_infos_.size()) {
// Select the first possible optimizer.
selected_index_ = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < run_infos_.size(); ++i) {
if (run_infos_[i].RunnableAndSelectable()) {
selected_index_ = i;
break;
}
}
if (selected_index_ == -1) return kInvalidOptimizerIndex;
} else {
// Select the next possible optimizer. If none, select the first one.
// Check that the time is smaller than all previous optimizers which are
// runnable.
bool too_much_time_spent = false;
const double time_spent =
run_infos_[selected_index_].time_spent_since_last_solution;
for (int i = 0; i < selected_index_; ++i) {
const RunInfo& info = run_infos_[i];
if (info.RunnableAndSelectable() &&
info.time_spent_since_last_solution < time_spent) {
too_much_time_spent = true;
break;
}
}
if (too_much_time_spent) {
// TODO(user): Remove this recursive call, even if in practice it's
// safe because the max depth is the number of optimizers.
return SelectOptimizer();
}
}
// Select the optimizer.
++run_infos_[selected_index_].num_calls;
return run_infos_[selected_index_].optimizer_index;
}
void OptimizerSelector::UpdateScore(int64_t gain, double time_spent) {
const bool new_solution_found = gain != 0;
if (new_solution_found) NewSolutionFound(gain);
UpdateDeterministicTime(time_spent);
const double new_score = time_spent == 0.0 ? 0.0 : gain / time_spent;
const double kErosion = 0.2;
const double kMinScore = 1E-6;
RunInfo& info = run_infos_[selected_index_];
const double old_score = info.score;
info.score =
std::max(kMinScore, old_score * (1 - kErosion) + kErosion * new_score);
if (new_solution_found) { // Solution found
UpdateOrder();
selected_index_ = run_infos_.size();
}
}
void OptimizerSelector::TemporarilyMarkOptimizerAsUnselectable(
OptimizerIndex optimizer_index) {
run_infos_[info_positions_[optimizer_index]].selectable = false;
}
void OptimizerSelector::SetOptimizerRunnability(OptimizerIndex optimizer_index,
bool runnable) {
run_infos_[info_positions_[optimizer_index]].runnable = runnable;
}
std::string OptimizerSelector::PrintStats(
OptimizerIndex optimizer_index) const {
const RunInfo& info = run_infos_[info_positions_[optimizer_index]];
return absl::StrFormat(
" %40s : %3d/%-3d (%6.2f%%) Total gain: %6d Total Dtime: %0.3f "
"score: %f\n",
info.name, info.num_successes, info.num_calls,
100.0 * info.num_successes / info.num_calls, info.total_gain,
info.time_spent, info.score);
}
int OptimizerSelector::NumCallsForOptimizer(
OptimizerIndex optimizer_index) const {
const RunInfo& info = run_infos_[info_positions_[optimizer_index]];
return info.num_calls;
}
void OptimizerSelector::DebugPrint() const {
std::string str;
for (int i = 0; i < run_infos_.size(); ++i) {
const RunInfo& info = run_infos_[i];
LOG(INFO) << " " << info.name << " " << info.total_gain
<< " / " << info.time_spent << " = " << info.score << " "
<< info.selectable << " " << info.time_spent_since_last_solution;
}
}
void OptimizerSelector::NewSolutionFound(int64_t gain) {
run_infos_[selected_index_].num_successes++;
run_infos_[selected_index_].total_gain += gain;
for (int i = 0; i < run_infos_.size(); ++i) {
run_infos_[i].time_spent_since_last_solution = 0;
run_infos_[i].selectable = true;
}
}
void OptimizerSelector::UpdateDeterministicTime(double time_spent) {
run_infos_[selected_index_].time_spent += time_spent;
run_infos_[selected_index_].time_spent_since_last_solution += time_spent;
}
void OptimizerSelector::UpdateOrder() {
// Re-sort optimizers.
std::stable_sort(run_infos_.begin(), run_infos_.end(),
[](const RunInfo& a, const RunInfo& b) -> bool {
if (a.total_gain == 0 && b.total_gain == 0)
return a.time_spent < b.time_spent;
return a.score > b.score;
});
// Update the positions.
for (int i = 0; i < run_infos_.size(); ++i) {
info_positions_[run_infos_[i].optimizer_index] = i;
}
}
} // namespace bop
} // namespace operations_research